Relocation of the Jinghe MS6.6 Earthquake Sequence on August 9, 2017 and Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure     

Liu Jianming  Gao Rong  Wang Qiong  Nie Xiaohong 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):482-490

Based on the digital waveforms of the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,the Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake sequence( M_L≥1. 0) were relocated by HypoDD,The characteristics of the spatial distribution and the seismogenic structure of this earthquake sequence were analyzed. The results show that the main shock is relocated at 44. 2639° N,82. 8294° E,and the initial rupture depth is 17. 6 km. The earthquake sequence clearly demonstrates a unilateral extension of about 20 km in the EW direction,and is mainly located at a depth of 7km-17 km. The depth profile along the aftershock direction shows that the focal depth of aftershocks tend to be shallower within 10 km to the west of the main shock,the focal depth of the aftershock sequence with the tail direction deflecting SW is deeper. The depth profile perpendicular to the earthquake sequence shows a gradual deepening of the seismic sequence from north to south,which indicates that the fault plane is dipping south.According to the focal mechanism solution,given by the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,and the geological structure of the seismic source region,it is inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Jinghe M_S 6.6 earthquake may be the eastern segment of the Kusongmuxieke fault.  相似文献   

Strong variation in weathering of layered rock maintains hillslope‐scale strength under high precipitation          下载免费PDF全文

Jennifer Von Voigtlander  Marin K. Clark  Dimitrios Zekkos  William W. Greenwood  Suzanne P. Anderson  Robert S. Anderson  Jonathan W. Godt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1183-1194

The evolution of volcanic landscapes and their landslide potential are both dependent upon the weathering of layered volcanic rock sequences. We characterize critical zone structure using shallow seismic V_p and V_s profiles and vertical exposures of rock across a basaltic climosequence on Kohala peninsula, Hawai’i, and exploit the dramatic gradient in mean annual precipitation (MAP) across the peninsula as a proxy for weathering intensity. Seismic velocity increases rapidly with depth and the velocity–depth gradient is uniform across three sites with 500–600 mm/yr MAP, where the transition to unaltered bedrock occurs at a depth of 4 to 10 m. In contrast, velocity increases with depth less rapidly at wetter sites, but this gradient remains constant across increasing MAP from 1000 to 3000 mm/yr and the transition to unaltered bedrock is near the maximum depth of investigation (15–25 m). In detail, the profiles of seismic velocity and of weathering at wet sites are nowhere monotonic functions of depth. The uniform average velocity gradient and the greater depths of low velocities may be explained by the averaging of velocities over intercalated highly weathered sites with less weathered layers at sites where MAP > 1000 mm/yr. Hence, the main effect of climate is not the progressive deepening of a near‐surface altered layer, but rather the rapid weathering of high permeability zones within rock subjected to precipitation greater than ~1000 mm/yr. Although weathering suggests mechanical weakening, the nearly horizontal orientation of alternating weathered and unweathered horizons with respect to topography also plays a role in the slope stability of these heterogeneous rock masses. We speculate that where steep, rapidly evolving hillslopes exist, the sub‐horizontal orientation of weak/strong horizons allows such sites to remain nearly as strong as their less weathered counterparts at drier sites, as is exemplified by the 50°–60° slopes maintained in the amphitheater canyons on the northwest flank of the island. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of Ultra-shallow Seismic Survey to the Wanggezhuang Fault in Qingdao     

Yang Qiyan  You Huichuan  Di Long 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):574-583

At present, there is less theoretical research and practical experience in the aspect of ultra-shallow seismic exploration to the target layers at depths of only tens of meters both at home and abroad. Seismic exploration plays an important role in the location of faults and active structures, but the depth dozens of meters below the ground surface is the blind area of any kind of deep and shallow seismic exploration. Starting from the point of view of detecting urban active faults, and using related theories and methods of geology, geophysics and mathematics, the paper discusses the preconditions for acquiring efficient ultra-shallow seismic survey results in complicated geological backgrounds in Qingdao. Taking the Qingdao area as an example in this paper, we study the depth condition of Quaternary deposits, and apply 4-8 stacking folds to satisfy the requirement to get the exploration results with high-resolution and high-SNR. Preliminary results reveal that selecting a proper surveillance layout is one of the keys to acquire authentic exploration results in ultra-shallow P-wave reflection exploration. Our results also show that ultra-shallow seismic reflection method in detecting faults in the Qingdao area has good application prospects.  相似文献   

西藏日喀则拉堆-乃东与毕定-甲舍拉断裂的活动性分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

雷生学  李振海  张文朋  陈宇坤  郭巍  谢静博  高也  高锦瑞 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):785-793

综合采用地质地貌调查、探槽开挖及OSL测年等,对离日喀则市最近的拉堆—乃东和毕定—甲舍拉断裂的活动性进行研究,结果表明:拉堆—乃东断裂在距今约3万年前停止了活动,毕定—甲舍拉断裂则至少在5万年前停止了活动,即二者自晚更新世晚期已不再活动——不属于全新世活动断裂,这与部分学者认为拉堆—乃东断裂为全新世活动断裂的结论不同。研究获得的最新断层活动资料可为该地区的地震预测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

利用近场高频GPS、 强地面运动和远场地震波形数据联合反演2008年汶川M_S8.0地震的震源时空破裂过程     

孟国杰  苏小宁  王振  廖华 《地震》2018,38(2):11-27

联合近场GPS测站1-Hz运动学位移、 强震仪加速度波形和全球台站P震相波形作为约束, 以时空滑动分布约束条件和ABIC模型参数选择方法, 结合先验的滑动方向变化范围, 反演2008年汶川M_S8.0地震的震源时空破裂过程, 给出了能够综合反映震源破裂过程的统一模型。 结果表明, 汶川地震总体上存在4个主要的破裂区, 最主要的一个破裂区位于震源东北40~120 km, 断层面上的最大位错量约为10 m, 主体滑动分布在2~20 km深度范围, 破裂达到地表; 第二个主体破裂区位于断层破裂带南段, 最大滑动量达到6 m; 另外2个主体滑动区位于断层破裂带北段, 但滑动破裂量小于断层南段破裂区的滑动量, 滑动破裂值最大值为4 m, 超过1 m的区域在走向上超过70 km。 反演得到的断层滑动模型的地震矩为9.5×10²¹ Nm, 相应的矩震级为M_W7.95。 汶川地震破裂表现为单侧破裂, 起始破裂在汶川下方16 km深度, 向东北方向一致性地传播, 过程持续~120 s。 在地震发生后0~10 s内, 破裂集中在震源起始破裂区, 滑动破裂值为~1.0 m, 之后破裂向东北方向扩展, 震后20~40 s是主要的破裂时段。 在40~60 s, 破裂跨越断层南段和北段。 在80~90 s破裂最大值开始下降, 在100~110 s时, 下降为~0.5 m, 在110~120 s时, 下降为~0.1 m。 加入近场GPS测站1-Hz 波形数据与近场强震仪波形和远场长周期体波联合反演, 提高了震源破裂模型的空间分辨率, 特别是浅部滑动破裂区的分辨率, 反演的最大滑动破裂值比不用1-Hz 波形数据反演的结果增大, 表明近场1-Hz GPS波形数据对于揭示汶川地震的时空破裂过程具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

2013年芦山地震震源区地壳介质地震波速变化的特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

王俊  郑定昌  张金川  詹小艳  钱婷 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):517-531

为探究芦山M7.0级地震后5年多来，震源区龙门山断裂带西南段介质波速的变化规律，本文基于2012年4月至2018年4月共6年的连续波形数据，运用移动窗互谱与频域偏振等分析方法，结合背景噪声源的特性，对不同深度范围内的相对波速变化以及震后的恢复过程与机制进行了研究.获得的主要认识包括：（1）年尺度而言，震源区周期为1~20 s的背景噪声场相对稳定，但成分复杂、2~10 s频带内至少存在2个能量相对稳定的噪声源；不同周期噪声的能量，在月变与季节性上的变化特征差异明显.（2）获得了长时间尺度、不同频带内介质相对波速的背景变化水平，1~2 s、2~4 s的波动幅度（约为±0.04%）与季节性变化规律强于4~10 s、10~20 s的，结合与降雨量相关的地下水位模型能很好地解释其变化规律.（3）震源区的同震波速降低现象清晰，降幅约为0.08%~0.1%；空间上，波速下降最为显著的区域主要集中在龙门山断裂带两侧约70 km范围内，其中四川盆地一侧平均约为0.1%，略高于青藏高原（0.08%）一侧；在断裂带内的降速不显著.对不同子频带进行测量的结果显示，震后除10~20 s外，其余3个子频带的相对波速在震后较短时间内（约20天左右）均出现较大幅度的波速降低现象，其中4~10 s的平均降速最大（约为0.08%），分析认为主震及大量余震的松弛效应是引起介质波速下降的主要原因.（4）震后大约1年左右，波速变化基本恢复到震前水平，且至2018年4月前未观察到大幅的波速变化现象，总体上各频带内的结果均沿零线小幅波动.  相似文献   

鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带区域地震b值及应力场特征          下载免费PDF全文

王少坡  罗纲  史亚男  解孟雨  魏东平 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1444-1458

古登堡-里克特震级-频度关系式中的b值与剪切应力(或偏应力)大小被认为存在着负相关的关系,因此b值常被用作估算区域应力大小的指标.本文利用1970-2018年鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带区域的地震目录,使用最大似然法对该区域的b值进行空间扫描,得到了该区域沿海沟走向不同区域及不同深度的b值分布,进而调查与分析其应力状态及地球动力学特征.结果显示不同俯冲区域的b值分布具有4个共同特征:1)地壳范围内的高b值特征,表明其剪切应力较低;2)俯冲板片与上覆板块耦合强烈的区域b值较低,表明该位置剪切应力较高;3)弧前区域b值较高,表明其剪切应力较低;4)海沟东侧的太平洋板块与软流层接触的区域b值较高,表明该位置剪切应力较低.上述这些b值分布结果及其剪切应力分布,是能够与俯冲带的地球动力学结构与特征相关联的.我们也发现在水平方向上,在浅部区域(0~40km深度范围),勘察加地区的剪切应力相对于北日本地区和千岛地区更低;在更深的区域(40~80km深度范围),千岛地区弧前区域的剪切应力较低.由本文俯冲带区域力平衡估算得到的俯冲接触面上的剪应力大小能够解释鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带不同接触界面上的b值大小及其分布差异.本文得到的日本海沟附近区域平均b值在大地震前后的时间变化揭示了该区域震间、震前和震后的应力演化过程.  相似文献   

Water transport and tracer mixing in volcanic ash soils at a tropical hillslope: A wet layered sloping sponge     

Giovanny M. Mosquera  Patricio Crespo  Lutz Breuer  Jan Feyen  David Windhorst 《水文研究》2020,34(9):2032-2047

Andosol soils formed in volcanic ash provide key hydrological services in montane environments. To unravel the subsurface water transport and tracer mixing in these soils we conducted a detailed characterization of soil properties and analyzed a 3-year data set of sub-hourly hydrometric and weekly stable isotope data collected at three locations along a steep hillslope. A weakly developed (52–61 cm depth), highly organic andic (Ah) horizon overlaying a mineral (C) horizon was identified, both showing relatively similar properties and subsurface flow dynamics along the hillslope. Soil moisture observations in the Ah horizon showed a fast responding (few hours) “rooted” layer to a depth of 15 cm, overlying a “perched” layer that remained near saturated year-round. The formation of the latter results from the high organic matter (33–42%) and clay (29–31%) content of the Ah horizon and an abrupt hydraulic conductivity reduction in this layer with respect to the rooted layer above. Isotopic signatures revealed that water resides within this soil horizon for short periods, both at the rooted (2 weeks) and perched (4 weeks) layer. A fast soil moisture reaction during rainfall events was also observed in the C horizon, with response times similar to those in the rooted layer. These results indicate that despite the perched layer, which helps sustain the water storage of the soil, a fast vertical mobilization of water through the entire soil profile occurs during rainfall events. The latter being the result of the fast transmissivity of hydraulic potentials through the porous matrix of the Andosols, as evidenced by the exponential shape of the water retention curves of the subsequent horizons. These findings demonstrate that the hydrological behavior of volcanic ash soils resembles that of a “layered sponge,” in which vertical flow paths dominate.  相似文献   

Petrology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic cumulate rocks from the eastern part of the Sabzevar ophiolite (NE Iran): Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic setting     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(6):2347-2364

The Late Cretaceous Sabzevar ophiolite represents one of the largest and most complete fragments of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere in the NE Iran. It is mainly composed of serpentinized mantle peridotites slices; nonetheless, minor tectonic slices of all crustal sequence constituents are observed in this ophiolite. The crustal sequence contains a well-developed ultramafic and mafic cumulates section, comprising plagioclase-bearing wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbronorite, gabbronorite, amphibole gabbronorite and quartz gabbronorite with adcumulate, mesocumulate, heteradcumulate and orthocumulate textures. The crystallization order for these rocks is olivine ​± ​chromian spinel → clinopyroxene → plagioclase → orthopyroxene → amphibole. The presence of primary magmatic amphiboles in the cumulate rocks shows that the parent magma evolved under hydrous conditions. Geochemically, the studied rock units are characterized by low TiO₂ (0.18–0.57 ​wt.%), P₂O₅ (<0.05 ​wt.%), K₂O (0.01–0.51 ​wt.%) and total alkali contents (0.12–3.04 ​wt.%). They indicate fractionated trends in the chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) plots and multi-element diagrams (spider diagrams). The general trend of the spider diagrams exhibit slight enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) relative to high field strength elements (HFSEs) and positive anomalies in Sr, Pb and Eu and negative anomalies in Zr and Nb relative to the adjacent elements. The REE plots of these rocks display increasing trend from La to Sm, positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu1 ​= ​1.06–1.54) and an almost flat pattern from medium REE (MREE) to heavy REE (HREE) region [(Gd/Yb)_N ​= ​1–1.17]. Moreover, clinopyroxenes from the cumulate rocks have low REE contents and show marked depletion in light REE (LREE) compared to MREE and HREE [(La/Sm)_N ​= ​0.10–0.27 and (La/Yb)_N ​= ​0.08–0.22]. The composition of calculated melts in equilibrium with the clinopyroxenes from less evolved cumulate samples are closely similar to island arc tholeiitic (IAT) magmas. Modal mineralogy, geochemical features and REE modeling indicate that Sabzevar cumulate rocks were formed by crystal accumulation from a hydrous depleted basaltic melt with IAT affinity. This melt has been produced by moderate to high degree (~15%) of partial melting a depleted mantle source, which partially underwent metasomatic enrichment from subducted slab components in an intra-oceanic arc setting.  相似文献   

Intra-continental deformation and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt,Central Asia:Evidence from remote sensing and structural geological analyses     

Wei-Cui Ding  Ting-Dong Li  Xuan-Hua Chen  Jian-Ping Chen  Sheng-Lin Xu  Yi-Ping Zhang  Bing Li  Qiang Yang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):651-663

The West Junggar Orogenic Belt(WJOB)in northwestern Xinjiang,China,is located in the core of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).It has suffered two stage tectonic evolutions in Phanerozoic,before and after the ocean–continental conversion in Late Paleozoic.The later on intracontinental deformation,characterized by the development of the NE-trending West Junggar sinistral strike-slip fault system(WJFS)since Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,and the NW-trending Chingiz-Junggar dextral strike-slip fault(CJF)in Mesozoic and Cenozoic,has an important significance for the tectonic evolution of the WJOB and the CAOB.In this paper,we conduct geometric and kinematic analyses of the WJOB,based on field geological survey and structural interpretation of remote sensing image data.Using some piercing points such as truncated plutons and anticlines,an average magnitude of^73 km for the left-lateral strike-slip is calculated for the Darabut Fault,a major fault of the WJFS.Some partial of the displacement should be accommodated by strike-slip fault-related folds developed during the strike-slip faulting.Circular and curved faults,asymmetrical folds,and irregular contribution of ultramafic bodies,implies potential opposite vertical rotation of the Miao’ergou and the Akebasitao batholiths,resulted from the sinistral strike-slipping along the Darabut Fault.Due to conjugate shearing set of the sinistral WJFS and the dextral CJF since Early Mesozoic,superimposed folds formed with N–S convergence in southwestern part of the WJOB.  相似文献